People have lived in our planet Earth for centuries and global problems have always existed. (люди живут на нашей планете Земля веками, и глобальные проблемы всегда существуют.)
In ancient times the biggest global problem was wars. (В древние времена самой большой глобальной проблемой были войны)
People have been fighting with each other since beginning of the civilization mostly to get new territories and more land. (Люди сражались друг с другом с начала цивилизации главным образом, чтобы получить новые территории и больше земли.)
Today, there are more global problems which can be divided into two categories: ecological problems and social, economic and political issues. (Сегодня есть много глобальных проблем, которые могут быть разделены на две категории: экологические проблемы и социальные, экономические и политические проблемы/вопросы)
The first category includes issues relating to ecological destruction, pollution and global warming as the result. (Первая категория включает вопросы, относящиеся к экологическому разрушению, загрязнению и глобальному потеплению как результату.)
The climate is changing and many people agree that climate change may be one of the greatest threats facing the planet. (Климат меняется, и многие люди согласны, что климатическое изменение может быть одно из самых больших угроз встретившееся планете.)
Global warming has already killed off some types of animals and plants. (Глобальное потепление уже уничтожило некоторые виды животных и растений)
Rising sea levels are threatening whole nations on islands in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. (Повышение морских уровней угрожает целым народам на остравах в Тихом и Индийском океанах)
The second category of global problems deals with social, economic and political issues. (Вторая категория глобальных проблем касается социальных, экономических и политических вопросов/тем)
They include global terrorism, poverty, human rights, health issues, racism and many others. (Они включают глобальный терроризм, бедность, права человека, вопросы здоровья, расизм и много других)
We are faced with the problem of global terrorism. And more and more countries are suffering from it. (Мы сталкиваемся с проблемой глобального терроризма. И больше и больше стран страдает от него.)
It is difficult to catch terrorists and prevent their acts. (Трудно ловить террористов и предотвращать их действия)
The most terrible terrorist attack took place on September 11, 2001 in the USA. (Самый ужасный террористический акт случился 11 сентября 2001 в США)
The World Trade Centre, one of the sym¬bols of New York City, was destroyed completely and thou¬sands of people died. (Мировой Торговый Центр был полностью разрушен и тысячи людей погибли.)
The world was shocked and most coun¬tries decided to fight against terrorism. However, new terror¬ist attacks have been committed. (Мир был шокирован и большинство стран решило бороться против терроризма. Однако, новые террористические атаки совершаются.)
Poverty is another global problem. The worst situation is in Africa where people (mostly children) die every day of hunger. (Бедность - еще одна глобальная проблема. Самая плохая ситуация в Африке, где люди (главным образом дети) умирают каждый день от голода.)
The poor also have less access to health, education and other services. (Бедняк также имеет меньший доступ к здравоохранению, образованию и другому обслуживанию)
Incurable diseases and epidemics also are global challenge for humanity. (Неизлечимые болезни и эпидемии также являются глобальным вызовом/проблемой для человечества.)
Another global problem is racism, when people of different races and different skin colour are humiliated and even killed. (еще одна глобальная проблема - расизм, когда люди различных рас и цвета кожи унижаемы и даже убиваемы.)
There are many organisations that fight social global problems, but this battle has lasted for a long time and it will take much time for the solution of all of them. (Есть много организаций, которые борются с социальными глобальными проблемами, но эта борьба длится долгое время и будет занимать много времени для решения всех из них)
We live in the 21st century and humanity has made a great progress in technology, so I think that it is strange that we still have global problems, especially the ones that deal with social, economic and political issues. (Мы живем в 21 веке, и человечество сделало большой прогресс в технологии, поэтому я полагаю, странно, что мы все еще имеем глобальные проблемы, особенно те, которые имеют отношение к социальным, экономическим и политическим вопросам.)
I am sure that they can be solved completely without any conflicts or wars. (Я уверена, что они могут быть решены без каких-либо конфликтов или войн.)
Terrorism as a Global Problem
Controversial issue is a special sphere of education and social life that is necessary for our intellectual development. It gives us a possibility to get acquainted with significant problems of the modern world and even help to solve them. The number of problems such as international terrorism, discrimination, religion and science conflicts, nuclear weapons and others are of crucial importance and their solution is necessary to preserve the national policy.
Terrorism is the global problem nowadays that endanger life of every person on the earth. The primary purpose of all governments should encourage and enable people to join their forces against terrorism and win it by common efforts . The government should recognize the paramount importance of this problem and the political activity should be subservient to that major consideration.
To solve the problem of global terrorism, we must try to find the roots of it, to analyze the actions of countries taken against terrorism, social attitude to this phenomenon. I would say that current policy isn’t able not just to stop the march of terrorism but even to miniaturize it. Mass media leads active struggle against terrorism but very often this process isn’t connected with definite well-known terrorists. They blame whole nations without any division. The consequences of such actions are predictable: people begin to hate not terrorists as a whole but correlate terrorists with definite nationalities, Arabic, for example. Terrorism as a national phenomenon is a great problem and its understanding can help us to find the way out.
Terrorism needs serious and responsible public attitude, but sometimes hiding after the generous aims of the liquidation of terrorism, politicians limited civil liberties of some nationalities. Internet sites and mass media can abuse position of some social and ethnic groups and give false information about them.
All these and many other facts only promote terrorism. Aggressive attitude to the Arabic people and their religion causes fits of anger in Arabic countries and can even lead to acts of terrorism. To avoid these national hatred we must get aquatinted with Arabic culture, traditions and religion, to understand that not all people in these countries support terrorism and that their religion doesn’t propagate to kill people of other religions. So, the first step is to take under rigid control mass media and Internet. Information about terrorism and terrorists must be objective and factual. Real facts are necessary for the correct understanding of the situation. Then it’s necessary to give children and teenagers the real facts as they represent the future generation to rule the country. Subjective understanding of the matter should be minimized as subjective opinion causes emotional reaction while to solve this problem we must be guided only by common sense.
The knowing of the definition of terrorism is necessary to take strong measures to overcome this global trouble. The definition is rather controversial and that is why very often its different interpretations can be used in the own interests of some individuals. As a whole terrorism means aggressive actions with the use of violence against ordinary civilians aimed to intimidate politicians. Term “terrorism” is often used to show that the actions taken by a group of people are violent, unlawful and immoral.
The official beginning of terrorism is connected with the 19th century, although violent aggressive actions of certain groups of people were noticed much earlier. The term appeared for the first time during the Reign of Terror (1793-1794). In 1867 the Iris Republic Brotherhood attacked England and after then acts of terror have become recurrent phenomena.
The victims by the year 1985 counted 816 people, in 2001 the number of deaths rose to 3,295 because of the attacks on the 11th of September, 2001. More than 1,000 people died because of acts of terror in 2003.
The answer to the events of September 11, 2001 was the so-called “War on terror” proclaimed by George W. Bush. The main aim of which was to unit huge number of people and stop acts of terror not just in the USA but al over the world. However, to exterminate the evil by another evil is impossible, and taking united aggressive actions against acts of terror can do noting. "The word terror activates your fear. The war on terror is not about stopping you from being afraid, it "s about making you afraid.". Another point of view says that: "Reviewing the background to US sponsored Argentinian and Israeli terrorism reveals how the fictional "war on terror" is just another pretext for the pillage of Latin America by the US government and its favoured multinational corporations.".
Aiming to get rid of terrorism, the war just lighted the fire of hatred between different nationalities. Former Australian minister, Gareth Evans so voices his concerns: "The unhappy truth is that the net result of the war on terror, so far at least, has been more war and more terror".
To blame Islam in the existence of terrorism and to consider all Arabic people terrorists is silly and nonsensical. The name Islam means “peace” translated from the Arabic language. Examining Arabic Belief system we find that aggressive actions have no place in it. To take a life that Allah gave a trust to the human is a great sin in the Islamic world. Suicide bombing, which takes people’s lives is forbidden:"...If anyone killed a person not in retaliation for murder or to spread mischief in the land, it would be as if he killed the whole of mankind. And (likewise) if anyone saved a life, it would be as if he saved the whole of mankind"
Terrorism being a global problem needs special attention and careful attitude. Exploring the roots of this phenomenon is necessary to find ways out. A special organization must be created. It’s main aim would be to inform population about all acts of terror, to make them aquatinted with Arabic and other cultures whose representatives have been terrorists, to get rid of national hatred. This organization would spend special meetings in colleges, universities and at schools where global problems could be discussed. It would form objective independent opinion that would help people to get together and overcome this trouble that endanger all lives.
While the military power still retains significance in relations among states, an ever greater role is being played by economic, political, scientific and technological, ecological, and information factors. As the main components of a national power of a state are its intellectual, information and communications capabilities, the well-being and education level of the population, the degree of combining of scientific and production resources, and concentration of financial capital and diversification of economic ties. A lot of states are set on trade market methods of managing the economy and democratic values. The major breakthrough in a number of key areas of scientific and technological progress leading to the formation of worldwide information environment. The deepening and diversification of international economic leads to interdependence of states.
At the same time, new challenges and threats are emerging in the international sphere:
· There is a growing trend towards the establishment of a unipolar structure of the world with the economic and power domination of the United States.
· In solving principal questions of international security, the stakes are being placed on western institutions and on weakening the role of the U.N. Security Council.
· Globalization of the world economy gives rise to new dangers, especially for economically weak states, and increases the probability of large-scale financial and economic crises. There is a growing risk of dependence of the economic system and information environment on outside impact;
· There is an intensification of the role of international institutions and mechanisms in world economics and politics ("Group of 8", the IMF, the World Bank and others).
· Integrated associations are acquiring an ever greater importance in the world economy, and are becoming a significant factor of regional and sub-regional security and peacemaking. Attempts to belittle the role of a sovereign state as the fundamental element of international relations generate a threat of interference in internal affairs.
· The problem of proliferation of the weapons of mass destruction and means of their delivery is acquiring serious dimensions. Unregulated or potential regional and local armed conflicts are threat to international peace and security.
· The growth of international terrorism, transnational organized crime, as well as illegal trafficking in drugs and weapons are beginning to influence on global and regional stability.
INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM is the Activities that involve violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of any State, or that would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of any State; appear to be intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or to affect the conduct of a government by assassination or kidnapping; and occur primarily outside the territorial jurisdiction of the U.S., or transcend national boundaries in terms of the means by which they are accomplished
Effects of Illegal Drug Trade on Societies
The countries of illegal drug production, which are usually developing countries, have been seen as the worst affected by global drug trade. The youth of countries like Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, where drugs like heroin are produced, see drugs as a point of contact with the West. To them the use of drugs represents modernity and is associated with the glitz and glam of developed nations, such as fancy cars and big houses. The drugs are seen as a doorway to a better life; while in reality drugs produce long term consequences and problems in societies, such as health problems (spread of HIV/AIDS), and further socio-economic and political instability.
Unfortunately drug abuse often affects the youth turning a source of vibrant productivity into a burden on society. Many countries in the developing world have large numbers of homeless children, this is a result of widespread poverty, urban migration, and breakdowns in the social service sector following structural adjustments. In large Indian cities such as Mumbai, Kolkata, and New Delhi it is estimated that there are over 100,000 street children, many of whom are involved in drug use. In recent years, similar patterns have developed in Southeast Asia and Cambodia. Laos and Vietnam now have “substantial populations of street children consuming drugs, living precariously with little or no family support or guardians”. These homeless children receive no education or training that would allow them to participate in national development.
Nuclear proliferation is a term now used to describe the spread of nuclear weapons, fissile material, and weapons-applicable nuclear technology and information, to nations which are not recognized as "Nuclear Weapon States" by the Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons, also known as the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty.
Proliferation has been opposed by many nations with and without nuclear weapons, the governments of which fear that more countries with nuclear weapons may increase the possibility of nuclear warfare, de-stabilize international or regional relations, or infringe upon the national sovereignty of states.
Four nations, none of which signed or ratified the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, have acquired, or are presumed to have acquired, nuclear weapons: India, Pakistan, North Korea, and Israel. One critique of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty is that it is discriminatory in recognizing the as nuclear weapon states only those counties that tested nuclear weapons before 1968 and requiring all other states joining the treaty to forswear nuclear weapons.
The world order of the XXI century must be based on mechanisms of collective resolution of key problems, on the priority of law and broad democratization of international relations.
Resulting “War on Terror”
The terrible events of September 11 saw the considerable quieting of what was until then growing domestic and international criticism of the Bush Administration. The September 11 events resulted in a “war on terror” which saw support for Bush and his popularity soar at the time.
Up to September 11, 2001, the Bush administration was being criticized around the world for its stances on various issues domestically and internationally. Even European and other allies were very critical of positions on numerous global issues.
But even before the Bush Administration, throughout the world, many nations and groups of people had expressed their frustrations at how U.S. foreign policies had affected them on all sorts of issues, ranging from economic/globalization issues that have deepened poverty and/or inequality for most people around the world; geopolitics/arms/missile defense; environmental issues and so on. Protests either directly, or indirectly at U.S. policies have occurred all around the world-especially on globalization issues-as mentioned on this web site. (See the section on global protests for more on that, for example).
Yet that cannot be an excuse for the atrocity of September 11 as it killed many innocent people. At the same time, people have correctly pointed out that when other regions around the world have faced similar terrorist attacks, the outpouring of concern and condemnation has not been as much. The Washington Post (September 12, 2001) even dared to admit this at such a sensative time shortly after the attacks. (Their article is no longer online.)
However, behind the unity of the American people in the shock of September 11, a heightened sense of security has resulted with concerns reverberating throughout the world, which of course affects all citizens. Many are concerned about the crackdown of freedoms and civil liberties in various nations that has resulted because of this. Many are concerned that various countries around the world can also use this “war on terror” as an excuse to pursue more aggressive options or other policies that affect the rights of citizens.
For example, consider the concerns Amnesty International raised in October 2001, shortly after the September 11, 2001 attacks: “In the name of fighting ‘international terrorism’, governments have rushed to introduce draconian new measures that threaten the human rights of their own citizens, immigrants and refugees…. Governments have a responsibility to ensure the safety of their citizens, but measures taken must not undermine fundamental human rights standards. It appears that some of the initiatives currently being discussed or implemented may be used to curb basic human rights and to suppress internal opposition. Some of the definitions of ‘terrorism’ under discussion are so broad that they could be used to criminalize anyone out of favour with those in power and criminalize legitimate peaceful exercise of the right to freedom of expression and association. They could also put at risk the right to privacy and threaten the rights of minorities and asylum-seekers.”
In May 2003, Amnesty International charged, “The ‘war on terror’, far from making the world a safer place, has made it more dangerous by curtailing human rights, undermining the rule of international law and shielding governments from scrutiny. It has deepened divisions among people of different faiths and origins, sowing the seeds for more conflict. The overwhelming impact of all this is genuine fear-among the affluent as well as the poor.”
Воспитательная цель урока:
- Воспитание личности учащегося на основе общечеловеческих ценностей и развитие таких качеств личности, как гражданственность, национальная идентичность, патриотизм, толерантное отношение к проявлениям иной культуры.
Развивающие цели:
- Формирование у учащихся внутренней мотивации к изучению языка и культуры, развитие у детей внимания и восприятия, слуховой памяти, мышления и воображения, способностей к аналитической деятельности.
Образовательная цель:
- Расширение кругозора учащихся, за счёт ознакомления с новой информацией по теме: Terrorism.
Практические цели:
- Формирование у обучающихся коммуникативной компетенции, спонтанного и подготовленного говорения, развитие творческих способностей, используя ИКТ;
- Развитие таких качеств, как воля, целеустремленность, креативность, инициативность, трудолюбие, дисциплинированность;
- Формирование общекультурной и этнической идентичности как составляющих гражданской идентичности личности;
- Стремление к лучшему осознанию культуры своего народа и готовность содействовать ознакомлению с ней представителей других стран; толерантное отношение к проявлениям иной культуры; осознание себя гражданином своей страны и мира;
- Готовность отстаивать национальные и общечеловеческие ценности, свою гражданскую позицию.
Задачи урока
- Тренинг учащихся в свободном говорении на иностранном языке в работе по созданию проекта по теме: Terrorism.
- Развитие творческого самовыражения учащихся в презентации своего отношения к данной проблеме и своего понимания проблемы Терроризма.
Техническое обеспечение урока
- Компьютер с проектором и экраном
- Презентация проекта в PowerPoint
- О.В. Афанасьева И.В Михеева, английский язык 9 класс
- Визуальный документ, проецированный на экран
- Интерактивная доска
- Дисплей
Форма урока: Урок-дискуссия, с использованием ИКТ.
Основные этапы урока:
- Погружение в тематику урока: выбор темы для обсуждения.
- Презентация проекта по заданной теме.
- Обсуждение проекта (Форма взаимодействия –
фронтальная):
Учитель-Ученик
Работа в парах
Групповая работа
Ход урока
1. Организационный момент (приветствие).
На доске слайд с названием темы. Перед классом стоят учитель и ученик.
2. Основная часть
Today we are going to talk about one of the biggest and the most acute problem that we face in the 21st century – terrorism. Let’s start our lesson. The student presents the project –“Terrorism-the terrible truth of the 21 st century”.
2.1. Debates (2 groups do the talking)
Debates include: two teams, chairmen, participants, opponents, cross questioning, jury (to estimate the points).
2.2. Let’s talk about terrorism - the terrible truth of the 21st century.
Student presents the project.
T: (the task to the group) listen to her very attentively and be ready to ask questions.
What do you know about Terrorism?
What kinds of terrorism do you know?
What measures against terrorism should be taken?
And many other questions.
2.2. Now let’s talk about terrorist tactics.
What tactics do terrorists use? What terrorist categories do you know?
2.1. Measures against Terrorist acts
2.2
What terrorist acts in Russia do you know? What terrorist acts in foreign countries do you know?
Terrorism – the terrible truth of the 21st century
Questionnaire
1. How many definitions of the word terrorism are there?
2. When did the Munich Olympics take place?
3. Where does the word terrorism come from?
4. When did the largest act of international terrorism occur?
A. October 10, 2011
B. September 11, 2001
C. January 9, 2010
5. The terrorist act in Beslan took place in:
3. Подведение итогов "Твоё понимание проблемы Терроризма".
Questionnaire - Составление вопросника для виртуального собеседника по теме урока.
Оценка жюри. Подведение итогов.
Terrorism Essay, Research Paper
1)It is very difficult to resolve the international problem of terrorism
for several major reasons.
Terrorists usually don’t claim responsibility for their actions until
the fuse is lit, it’s not a case of Jack The Ripper sending an ear to the cops
and warning them who his next victim will be. Terrorists usually do claim
responsibility for their actions after the media is aware that something
happened, this gains recognition for their cause, which is often the reason they
resort to terrorism in the first place. These groups are often underground and
individuals rarely step forward, how can you arrest an entire group that you
Governments endorsing terrorist acts and providing a safe house for them
once they’re on the run just adds to the problem. Hijackers can take their
hostages, get the ransom and fly the plane to the country of their choice. That
country is usually ready to welcome the criminal, for a small cut of the ransom.
Algeria used terrorism as a business to raise capital. By providing immunity,
they became a haven for terrorists. Many Middle Eastern countries resort to
terrorism when dealing with other nations. Saudi Arabia sponsors Islamic
terrorists to lay siege to Egypt. Terrorism is a means of influencing
international relations.
How can you prevent acts of terrorism when those paid to protect the
people are among the guilty? The Ku Klux Klan is a prime example of police
corruption and a government that turned its’ back on its’ people. Dirty cops and
prejudicial governments provided the fuel that burnt black churches of the
Southern States in the past. Many white citizens were not members of the Ku
Klux Klan, but most whites were reluctant to take a stand against the Klan until
the KKK’s acts of violence began to threaten whites who were not white
supremacists. When whites began to oppose the Klan, they went underground and
were thought to have disbanded but they arose again before the first war and
once more during the civil rights movements of the 1960’s. This problem has
arose again as Negro churches have again been targeted by arsonists. The police
have been unable to solve the majority of these crimes.
Hitler and his Nazi Regime could possibly be the worst example of a
government applying acts of terrorism on its people. When those at the top are
corrupt, how can the people defend themselves? Hitler’s methods and ideologies
have made him one of the most feared and hated men in history. Stalin also used
acts of terrorism on his people. His death squads that patrolled the streets at
night and annihilated the homeless was supposedly done for a good cause. I
think that is very questionable.
Negotiating with terrorists can also be bewildering. Recently Prime
Minister John Major of Britain and Prime Minister John Bruton of Ireland were
engaging in peace talks with the Irish political party Sinn Fein. Sinn Fein is
the oldest Irish political party and has been striving for the independence of
Ireland for years. They were founded in 1905 and have representatives in every
major Irish town, they are considered to be the political wing of the Irish
Republican Army. Sinn Fein claims to have genuinely sought after peace but
continuing British bad faith has caused the IRA to act. The British deny these
accusations of bad faith and became puzzled when the IRA broke a long standing
cease fire with a bombing in the urban center of Manchester.
Negotiations can be impossible in the case of suicide bombers. Many
Japanese Cults can not be traced. Though their agents are always caught, they
can never be questioned. Suicide is deemed heroic by the Japanese, the Japanese
cult Aum Supreme Truth used sarin nerve gas on a Tokyo subway to cause terror,
other previous Japanese cults have committed mass suicide at the order from
their leader to avoid interrogation and incarceration. Often these leaders have
some type of mind control on their followers.
Some countries don’t bother negotiating with terrorists. They take a
stance where if the terrorist asks for a million bucks they get squat. The
United States has a policy that is meant to deter terrorist-acts, no
negotiations, no mercy.
2) My position on this topic is anti-terrorism because terrorism is an unethical
method of gaining money or stealing publicity for a cause. Terrorists are
bullies that prey on the fears of the innocent. They drag women and children
into their wars with little concern for the lives that they shatter. They get
what they want by endangering the people that their enemies are responsible for.
The threat of a terrorist bomb is as petty as black mail.
Terrorists don’t need to resort to violence, they should negotiate
first. If they are a developing country crying for help, they should use the
media to get the word out. I am sure that foreign countries would rather lend a
hand rather than dealing with terrorists.
Terrorists are wrong because they target the defenseless, they cause
fear, death and destruction among the public and if they’re not fighting for a
cause, their motives are probably greed.
Terrorists may not directly kill millions of people, but the spark that
started many wars came from a terrorists match, foremost the assassination of
Arch Duke Ferdinand.
3) Seven important questions that could adequately describe terrorism are:
1. What police groups are involved in preventing international crime?
2. Do governments give in to the demands of terrorists?
3. Do certain countries and their governments endorse terrorist
4. What methods do terrorists use and what do they accomplish?
5. Where are felons tried for committing international crimes?
6. Which countries are heavily troubled by terrorist acts?
7. What are the names, leaders and methods of prevalent terrorist
groups globally?
4)Information answering the seven preceding questions:
1. Most countries have their own agencies for dealing with terrorism, but one
global force that deals with terrorist activities is Interpol. Interpol is a
global police agency that links the police forces of the world. They trade
information and relay suspect information amongst each other. This makes it
difficult for hijackers landing in foreign countries to get away. Interpol
relays messages through a central intelligence system that filters down into
the systems of each countries police stations. By sharing information and man
power international crime becomes less appealing to criminals thanks to interpol.
Peru has a new anti-terrorist directorate called Dincote. General Maximo Rivera
Diaz has established this new ?Delta? force to shut down the terrorist activity
of the Shining Path in Lima. Prior to it’s break up, Russia had virtually no
terrorist problem because of the efficiency of their secret service, the KGB.
Now that the former Soviet Union is in shambles, terrorism in Russia is becoming
2. Depending on the severity of the case governments must make a decision on
handling affairs with terrorists, pay them, hold out or send in an anti-
terrorist group to neutralize the situation. One country that stands out from
the rest is The United States of America. They stand by a policy that does not
give terrorists what they want, which would divert greedy terrorists from the
States. Clinton began a harsh anti-terrorist bill as a result of the Oklahoma
bombing. He wishes to make terrorism a priority among the police and other crime
fighting agencies such as the FBI. He wishes to accomplish this by giving these
forces the best surveillance equipment and crime fighting tools available. A
chemical applied to all bomb making chemicals would make bombs apparent at
airport check points and would cut down on hijacking. He also wishes to bar
products from countries that endorse terrorism.
3.Terrorists and governments occasionally work hand in hand. Algeria brought in
large sums of money by housing terrorists. Hamas is terrorist group working in
the Middle East. It was formed in 1987. They conduct attacks on Israeli military
and civilian groups, disrupting politics and causing explosions. The group is
large, with thousands of sympathetic supporters. They also receive aid from
Saudi Arabia and Iran. The Palestine Islamic Jihad is a similar group working in
the Middle East. They act to form an Islamic Palestinian State and to destroy
Israel through a ?Holy War?.. Their strength is unknown but they have been linked
to Syria and Iran. The Palestine Liberation Organization(PLO) has been around
since 1969. Yassir Arafat became the chairman and still holds the position today.
This group has a more global range of actions, but is basically striving for the
same goals and also has ties to middle eastern nations. Another group banded
with Saudi Arabia is The Tigers Of The Gulf. It is highly secretive and little
is know but it is anti-American, and it is aided by Saudi Arabia.
4.Terrorists use a broad spectrum of methods to get their jobs done. Most of
them either gain recognition for the terrorists cause or throw a kink in someone
else’s plans, this would usually further the terrorists cause, for example
assassinating a rival political leader would give your leader a better chance.
Assassinations by terrorists are usually aimed at someone in the spotlight that
the media will react to. It is also often a member of the terrorists rival or
someone close to him, like the assassination of the Czar and his family in
Russia. Guerrilla warfare is also considered an act of terrorism, this would
almost classify the Vietnam war as a terrorist’s war. Bombing is also a
preferred method of destruction used by many terrorist groups, at the front of
these is probably the IRA. Bombs leave little evidence and a large margin for
error. Hijacking and kidnapping are also strong ways for terrorists to make
demands and gain money. Kidnapping can be used to push the buttons of
influential people and hijacking works as kidnapping with an escape route. Both
of these are often used to trade the hostages for the freedom of imprisoned
group members. Threats and propaganda are also widely spread by mainstream
5. International terrorists don’t care about police jurisdiction, but it does
make a difference. Committing a crime in one country may have altogether
different punishments than those of a different country, as the boy who was
caned in Singapore found out all too well. The internationally renown guerrilla
troop and terrorist, Carlos The Jackal, was captured and arrested on bomb
related charges. He is from Venezuela but has caused trouble in several
countries and they all want his hide. France is the lucky country that gets to
punish him because he was captured and convicted in France. The criminal is
charged in the country that he commits the crime in, they often seek citizenship
in foreign countries to gain protection, much like the two men in Canada that
are wanted by Bangladesh for committing murders. Both men are now Canadian
citizens and refuse to return because they fear they will not have a fair trial.
Canada has to make a decision now on whether to honor The Country of Bangladesh
or to honor the rights of the two men.
6.Every country has some degree of terrorist activity, be it large or small. The
Middle East seems to be a hot spot for terrorist activities, maybe due to many
of the nations’ roles in hiring terrorists to join their side than to perform
dirty work for that government. There are also many disgruntled minorities that
use terrorism as a way to get what they want. Japan has it’s own problems with
cult-religious groups that resort to terrorist acts. These groups are often
related to suicide bombers and such, kind of a modern day kami kaze. Areas of
Europe also suffer from high rates of terrorist activity, many stemming back
from the territorial and religious disputes of times long ago. Monarchy seems to
be the enemy of the majority of European terrorists. The States also gets its
share of terror, some domestic but much from overseas, their policies help keep
the levels low. More people die in bath tub accidents than from terrorism in the
States. Canada is even scathed by the knife of terrorism. The FLQ was Canada’s
most dominant and violent terrorist group, though short lived they created a
stir in Francophone relations with the rest of Canada.
7.-The Shining Path is a highly organized terrorist group with coordinated
tactics, but a low violence level. Their leader, Abimael Guzman, was captured by
the Peruvian government. Guzman’s capture has lead to the re-election of the
countries’ president Alberto Fujimori.
The Provisional Irish Republican Army(IRA) is active in Northern Ireland but
carries out it’s actions in Great Britain. They often rely on bombs to get their
point across, their main goal is the independence of Ireland from Great Britain,
and the unification of Ireland. The Northern Irish(IRA) want freedom and
independence for themselves and their Protestant religion while the Southern
Irish don’t want to leave and wish to remain united with Britain. The IRA was
falsely accused of being hand in hand with the Nazi’s during the war. The IRA
does have ties though, they are allied with the Irish political party Sinn Fein
which handles the groups political affairs and negotiating.
The Red Army Faction is a German based group which originated in the 1960’s.
Their ideology is a combination of theories from both Marx and Maoism. The
result is a commitment to armed struggle. The group announced that it would end
it’s terrorist activities in 1992. While the group was active they engaged in
bombings, kidnappings, assassinations, robberies and has targeted both German
and American governments. They were even bold enough to attempt to assassinate
the head of NATO, Alexander Haig. The RAF has several hard-core cadres that
carry out their terrorist missions as well as a large civilian following that
spreads the groups propaganda. The group has survived over the years despite the
repeated capture of it’s highest ranking members. The RAF has ties with several
middle eastern terrorist factions and a very strong tie with GRAPO of Spain.
They are attempting to destroy western capitalism and promote world wide Marxism.
The True Teaching of Aum/Supreme Truth of Aum is a Japanese based faction that
was formed in 1987 by Shoko Asahara. It was recognized as a religious group in
1989. It was headquartered in a small farming village near the base of Mount
Fuji. It contains five branches scattered among 130 sites. It’s membership is
estimated 10,000 in Japan, 30,000 in Russia and about 100 in Manhattan. They
practice a doctrine of Hinduism and Buddhism and they follow a goddess named
Shiva, lord of destruction and regeneration. They believe the world will end
some time in 1997. They were the group responsible for the sarin gas attacks on
Tokyo metro systems that hurt thousands. The groups current leader Shoko Asahara
5)Some would say that terrorism is a valiant deed, the ultimate sacrifice for
ones cause, the only thing that a terrorist sacrifices is the lives of the
innocent, the terrorist is a butcher of human rights. Others would also say
terrorism is an act of retaliation, well two wrongs don’t make a right. If a
terrorist organisation responds to a terrorist attack against themselves with
another act of terrorism, what do you think the other groups response will be?
This situation is currently occuring in Great Britain, the Irish accuse the
English of something and act, the English deny it and accuse the Irish of
commiting unwarranted attacks and responds. This conflict has been raging for
years and no end is in sight since the ceasefire was broken. What if a
developing nation has no resources or commodity to trade to the rest of the
world, wouldn’t you take foriegn hostages to make enough money to feed your
country? I believe that foriegn countries would rather help to solve the crisis
before it reached the stage where terrorism would be put into effect.
Negotiations prior to the problem’s begining could benefit both sides of the
6)Three case studies that would provide further insight into the world of
terrorism would be:
The FLQ’s affect on Francophone relations with the rest of Canada. Did the
kidnapping and assassination of government officials gain anything? Did it
actually hurt Quebec’s dealings with English speaking Canadians or was it
neccesary? How long did the FLQ remain active and how many members did they
have? Did the Front de Liberationd pour Quebec have the people of the province
The IRA has been battling for it’s freedom for years. Does each bomb they place
bring them closer to freedom or does it push their goal further apart? Would
peaceful negotiations reach their goal faster or is violence their last resort?
Finally is freedom worth that much? Thousands of lives have been lost over a
grudge between nations, could it all have been avoided with a little bit of
Japanese religious cults have even less mercy than the brutal terrorists of the
west. Can you blame a terrorist when his actions are being influenced? Should
religious cults be shut down before they reach the terorrist stage? Chemicals
used to make bombs and gas like sarin could be marked in the manufacturing stage,
could this avoid the entire probleb?
7)Terrorism is a terrible deed, sometimes committed in the name of a not so
terrible cause. I feel terrorists use their cause to gain the sympathy of the
people, the masses can add to success of a terrorist groups cause. Compromising
values to achieve a goal is wrong, many terrorists act because their human
rights were disturbed, what are they doingwhen they take hostages? Sometimes the
cause is good but the method is always wrong if terrorism is resorted to.
We can"t call today"s world a safe world. Many dangers come from nature, I mean floods, earthquakes and so on. But people are also dangerous for each other.
Unfortunately, there are some people who don"t stop at anything to achieve their aims. They even think "the more victims the better". Our country was one of the first to have terrorist attacks. I mean the attacks in Moscow when two apartment houses were destroyed. There were acts of terrorism in all parts of the world at the end of the 20th century: in Japan, in England and in France.
But certainly the day that shook the world was the 11th of September 2001. Two American planes had been hijacked
by terrorists. The first plan slammed into the north tower of the World Trade Centre. The second crashed into the south tower of the World Trade Center. And soon the towers collapsed
. It was unbelievable, it was a nightmare. Words fail to describe what I felt when I watched TV: some people jumped out of the windows, others waved their handkerchiefs helplessly. Thousands of people were killed and hundreds of people injured
. There also were hundreds of victims in the planes themselves. The acts of mass murder as president Bush said, were intended
to frighten the nation. Certainly terrorist attacks shook the foundation of the highest building but they didn"t shake the foundation of America. Though as I think they made the country more aggressive. I mean the war in Iraq. There were many victims there too - peaceful women, old men and children.
Of course, it is necessary to find those who had arranged the terrorist acts in New York. They say that Osama bin Laden had been coordinating terrorist attacks against the USA. If it is true he should be punished. The acts of terrorism show that even strong countries having nuclear weapons are not protected against terrorism.
It seems to me that good people all over the world should join their forces and fight terrorism. Only together we can win. The government of all countries should have special funds for fighting terrorism. Certainly, the police in Western countries and our milicia should work better in order to prevent terrorist attacks. We had a very bad example in Moscow when armed terrorists entered the building where the performance Nord-Ost took place. Many peaceful people suffered. There were more than a hundred victims.
I wish our world were safer and we all felt more protected.
Today"s world is often called the computer world. We cannot imagine our life without computers. The first computers were developed during the Second World War. They were used to break the codes, used to send secret information.
Our world is really a small world. Modern transport facilities make it possible to reach any part of our planet within a few hours. People have to communicate and solve common problems in all the spheres of political life, economy and culture. Communication is an interaction of cultures. The knowledge of each other"s culture and traditions is very often important for successful business and political talks. We, Russians, very often surprise our foreign partners by our behavior and manners.
Unemployment is a very urgent problem today. Years ago when a man left school he learnt some job and did this job all his life. He could be sure that his job would be needed to his dying day. Nowadays he couldn"t be sure. Your work may look like a very good job at present, but it may not be needed in 10 years.
Drugs
Drug addiction is a big problem today. Even 5 years ago this problem did not exist in small towns. We read about drug addicts in the USA and other countries of the West. This problem existed in big cities like Moscow and St. Petersburg. Today different drugs are sold in our city and what is worse they are bought and taken by people, mostly young people. Drugs are ruinous for health and they destroy the personality of those who take them.
I"d like to tell you about my native town. Izhevsk is very large industrial town locted in the European part of Russia between the Volga River and the Ural mountains. It has a population of about 700.000. Izhevsk was founded in l760 as a settlement. The industrial development f the history began with the construction of an iron works. In 1918 Izhevsk became a town and since 1921 it has been the capital of Udmurtia.
Science is finding out about things around us. How do you find out about things? One way is to ask questions about them. But suppose no one knows the answers. Then you have to think of ways to find the answers yourself. This usually means doing something to the «thing» to see what happens. Doing something to see what happens is called experimenting. Scientists ask questions about things around us.
The Udmurt Republic is a sovereign republic within the Russian Federation. It is situated in the Western part of the Middle Urals between two great rivers the Kama and the Vyatka. In 1991 the republic became open for foreign visitors. Since that time Udmurtia has had close and friendly relations with many countries of the world in the fields of culture, education, trade, sport and tourism. The Government of the republic is very much interested in the development of local tourism.
